11 stories from 1718 to 2013, written as the news broke.
The Yesterday Times front page for November 22.
On November 22, a president falls, a pirate dies, and four future kings of pop, chess, boxing, and Spain claim their thrones.
November 22 in History
National Desk
1963 — Kennedy Slain in Dallas; Johnson Sworn
President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, and Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson took the oath of office aboard Air Force One.
President John F. Kennedy, whose assassination in Dallas shocked the nation — Cecil W. Stoughton
DALLAS, November 22 — The violent death of President John F. Kennedy, struck down by an assassin's bullet in the streets of Dallas, has stunned the nation and thrust Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson into the presidency. Kennedy, 46, was fatally shot as his open limousine, accompanied by Dallas police motorcycle officers, traveled a 10-mile motorcade route designed to give him maximum exposure to the crowds. The president, first lady Jacqueline Kennedy, and Texas Governor John Connally and his wife were in the car when shots rang out from the nearby Texas School Book Depository. Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine, was arrested and charged with the murder. Two hours and eight minutes after the assassination, Johnson was sworn in as the 36th president aboard Air Force One at Dallas Love Field. The autopsy at Bethesda Naval Hospital found Kennedy had been hit by two bullets, one entering his upper back and another striking the back of his head. The nation, already in shock, now awaits the investigation into the circumstances of the murder.
Kennedy was fatally shot from the nearby Texas School Book Depository by Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine.
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president two hours and eight minutes later aboard Air Force One at Dallas Love Field.
Two days after the assassination, Oswald was fatally shot by Dallas nightclub operator Jack Ruby while being moved through the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters.
The autopsy at Bethesda Naval Hospital found Kennedy was hit by two bullets, one entering his upper back and another striking the back of his head.
Dallas police motorcycle officers accompanied the Kennedy limousine, which carried the president, first lady, and Governor Connally and his wife.
Arts & Music
1968 — Beatles Release Double 'White Album'
The Beatles' ninth studio album, a double LP with a plain white sleeve, hits stores today.
The Beatles' eponymous double album, released in 1968 and known as the White Album — Aselfcallednowhere
LONDON, November 22 — The Beatles, the most celebrated pop group of the decade, today released their ninth studio album, a double LP simply titled The Beatles, but known to fans as the White Album. The record, the band's first on their newly founded Apple Records label, comes in a stark white sleeve with no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed. The album's 30 songs, 19 of which were written during a Transcendental Meditation course in Rishikesh, India, run the gamut from hard rock to music hall. Recording sessions, which lasted from late May to mid-October, were marked by creative differences and the presence of Yoko Ono, which strained relations within the group. Indeed, Ringo Starr left the band for two weeks in August, though he returned to complete the album. Despite the tension, the White Album is expected to be a commercial triumph, with fans already queuing at record shops across Britain.
The Beatles is the band's ninth studio album and only double album, released on 22 November 1968.
The album features a plain white sleeve with no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed.
It was the band's first LP release on their recently founded Apple Records.
The album contains 30 songs, 19 of which were written during a Transcendental Meditation course in Rishikesh, India.
Recording sessions lasted from late May to mid-October 1968, with arguments over creative differences and Yoko Ono's presence.
Chess
2013 — Carlsen, 22, Wins World Chess Title
Norwegian grandmaster defeats Viswanathan Anand 6½–3½ in Chennai.
CHENNAI, November 22 — Magnus Carlsen, a 22-year-old Norwegian grandmaster from Stavanger, has become the 16th undisputed world chess champion, defeating defending champion Viswanathan Anand 6½–3½ at the Hyatt Regency here. Carlsen won games five, six, and nine, drawing the remainder, in a match that ran from November 9 to 22. He earned the challenge by winning the 2013 Candidates Tournament in London on tiebreak over Vladimir Kramnik. Born November 30, 1990, Carlsen displayed remarkable composure, exploiting a small mistake by Anand in game five and handling the pressure with ease despite being the less experienced challenger.
Carlsen defeated defending champion Viswanathan Anand 6½–3½ at the Hyatt Regency in Chennai, India, from 9 to 22 November 2013.
He won games five, six, and nine, drawing the remainder, to become the 16th undisputed world chess champion.
Carlsen earned the right to challenge Anand by winning the 2013 Candidates Tournament in London on tiebreak over Vladimir Kramnik.
Born 30 November 1990, Carlsen was 22 years old when he claimed the world chess title.
His first win in game 5 came by exploiting a small mistake by Anand, and he handled the pressure with ease despite being the less experienced challenger.
Sports
1986 — Tyson Stops Berbick, Wins WBC Crown
20-year-old knocks out champion in second round, becoming youngest heavyweight titleholder.
LAS VEGAS, November 22 — Mike Tyson, a 20-year-old from Brooklyn, knocked out Trevor Berbick in the second round tonight to win the World Boxing Council heavyweight championship, becoming the youngest man ever to hold a heavyweight title. Tyson, who entered the ring with a 27-0 record, including 25 knockouts, sent Berbick to the canvas three times before referee Mills Lane stopped the fight at 2:35 of the round. Berbick, a 3-1 underdog despite being the champion, was never able to mount an offense against Tyson's relentless pressure. The fight, billed as "Judgment Day," took place at the Las Vegas Hilton. Tyson's victory surpasses Floyd Patterson, who was 21 when he won the title in 1956. The new champion's rise has been meteoric, guided by trainer Cus D'Amato, who died last year. Tyson's next defense is expected to come against former champion Larry Holmes. Tyson earned $1.5 million for the fight, while Berbick collected $1.1 million, according to promoter Don King. The crowd of 8,200 at the Las Vegas Hilton gave Tyson a standing ovation as he left the ring. Berbick, dazed and bleeding from the nose, was taken to a local hospital for observation and released.
Mike Tyson, at 20 years old, became the youngest heavyweight champion, surpassing Floyd Patterson.
Tyson defeated Trevor Berbick by second-round technical knockout at 2:35 of the round.
Berbick was a 3–1 underdog despite entering as the WBC champion.
Tyson entered the fight with a 27–0 record, including 25 knockouts.
The fight was billed as 'Judgment Day' and contested on November 22, 1986.
Provincial Affairs
1718 — Blackbeard Slain in Bloody Fight at Ocracoke
Lieutenant Maynard's boarding party kills the notorious pirate after a furious battle.
OCRACOKE, November 22 — The deck of the sloop ran slick with blood, and the pirate captain known as Blackbeard lay dead, his fearsome beard singed and matted. Lieutenant Robert Maynard of the Royal Navy led a small boarding party of British sailors against the pirate's vessel, and after a ferocious struggle at Ocracoke, Blackbeard was killed. Several of his crew fell alongside him. The expedition was arranged by Governor Alexander Spotswood of Virginia, who had long sought the pirate's end. Maynard's men, having closed with the enemy, fought hand to hand before the notorious captain succumbed. Reports reaching this office describe the engagement as desperate, with the pirates resisting to the last. Blackbeard, whose real name was Edward Teach, had terrorized the Carolina coast for years, and his death will be greeted with relief throughout the province.
Blackbeard was killed on 22 November 1718, following a ferocious battle at Ocracoke.
Lieutenant Robert Maynard led the small force of sailors that killed Blackbeard.
The attack was arranged by Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood.
Several of Blackbeard's crew were also killed in the battle.
European Desk
1975 — Juan Carlos Proclaimed King as Spain Mourns Franco
New monarch takes throne under succession law two days after dictator's death.
MADRID, November 22 — The death of Francisco Franco has brought a new king to Spain. Two days after the dictator's passing, Juan Carlos I was proclaimed King of Spain, in accordance with the law of succession that Franco himself promulgated.
Juan Carlos was proclaimed King of Spain on November 22, 1975, two days after Francisco Franco's death.
The Spanish government declared thirty days of official national mourning immediately after Franco's death on November 20, 1975.
Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet and First Lady of the Philippines Imelda Marcos attended Franco's requiem mass on November 23.
Major European governments, which condemned Franco's regime, declined to send high-level representatives to his funeral.
Aerospace
1988 — Stealth Bomber Emerges From Shadows at Palmdale
B-2 Spirit stealth bomber shown publicly after years of secrecy.
PALMDALE, Calif., November 22 — After years of secrecy, the Air Force's B-2 Spirit stealth bomber has finally been shown to the public. The viewing was heavily restricted, with guests barred from the rear section. Aviation Week editors, flying overhead, photographed the secret exhausts.
The B-2 was first publicly displayed on 22 November 1988 at USAF Plant 42 in Palmdale, California.
The viewing was heavily restricted; guests were not allowed to see the rear of the B-2.
Aviation Week editors, noting no airspace restrictions above the area, took aerial photographs of the aircraft's secret rear section with suppressed engine exhausts.
Shipping News
1873 — Ville du Havre Sunk; 226 Lost
French steamer sinks in 12 minutes after 2 a.m. collision.
NEW YORK, November 22 — Captain Marino Surmonte's French steamship Ville du Havre, sailing from New York with 313 people, collided with the British clipper Loch Earn at about 2 a.m. The ship sank in 12 minutes at 47°21′N 35°31′W, killing 226. Survivors, 61 passengers and 26 crew, were rescued by Loch Earn and later the American vessel Tremountain.
Ville du Havre collided with the British three-masted iron clipper Loch Earn at about 2 a.m. on 22 November 1873.
The steamship sank in just 12 minutes after the collision, with the loss of 226 lives.
Only 61 passengers and 26 crew members survived, rescued by Loch Earn and later the American vessel Tremountain.
At the time of collision, Ville du Havre was proceeding under both steam and sail at about 12 knots.
The collision occurred at position 47°21′N 35°31′W in the Atlantic Ocean.
College & University
1797 — Fourth Medical School Opens at Dartmouth
Physician Nathan Smith begins lectures at Dartmouth College, establishing the nation's fourth medical school.
HANOVER, November 22 — The fourth medical school in the United States opened this day at Dartmouth College, as Dr. Nathan Smith, a physician of Cornish, commenced his first lecture.
Nathan Smith, a Harvard and University of Edinburgh educated physician from Cornish, New Hampshire, founded Dartmouth Medical School.
The school was the fourth medical school established in the United States, following Pennsylvania, Columbia, and Harvard.
Smith petitioned Dartmouth's Board of Trustees in August 1796 to fund a medical school for the rural Upper Valley region.
Despite financial straits, the Board approved the request, and Smith began lecturing on November 22, 1797.
United Nations Desk
1967 — Security Council Unanimously Adopts Mideast Resolution
Security Council resolution calls for Israeli withdrawal and a UN envoy, with Syria rejecting it in 1967 before accepting in 1972.
UNITED NATIONS, Nov. 22 — The Security Council unanimously adopted a British-sponsored resolution tonight calling for the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the June war and affirming the need for "peace within secure and recognized boundaries." The resolution, sponsored by British Ambassador Lord Caradon, was one of five drafts considered. It also provides for a UN special representative to promote agreement. Egypt, Jordan, Israel, and Lebanon have entered consultations with the representative on implementation. Syria denounced the resolution in 1967, though it formally accepted it in March 1972.
Resolution 242 was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on 22 November 1967.
The resolution was sponsored by British ambassador Lord Caradon and was one of five drafts under consideration.
Operative Paragraph One affirms the need for withdrawal of Israeli forces and 'peace within secure and recognized boundaries'.
The resolution provided for the appointment of a UN Special Representative to promote agreement in the Middle East.
Egypt, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon entered into consultations with the UN Special representative over implementation of 242.
Film & Animation
1995 — 'Toy Story' Premieres at El Capitan, First All-CGI Film
Disney-Pixar release sets opening weekend record and may top $363 million worldwide.
LOS ANGELES, Nov. 22 — The neon marquee of the El Capitan Theatre blazed over the premiere of "Toy Story" on Wednesday, the first feature film made entirely with computer-generated imagery. The picture, directed by John Lasseter and produced by Pixar Animation Studios, stars the voices of Tom Hanks as Woody and Tim Allen as Buzz Lightyear. It has set a record for the highest-grossing opening weekend and grossed more than $363 million worldwide. The screenplay, written by Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow, has earned three Academy Award nominations, including Best Original Screenplay, a first for an animated film.
Toy Story premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 19, 1995.
It set a record for the highest-grossing opening weekend and grossed over $363 million worldwide.
The film received three Academy Award nominations, including Best Original Screenplay, the first animated film nominated in that category.
Toy Story was directed by John Lasseter and written by Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow.
The film stars the voices of Tom Hanks as Woody and Tim Allen as Buzz Lightyear.
Born on November 22
1819 — George Eliot born, George Eliot, English novelist and poet (died 1880)
1967 — Boris Becker born, Boris Becker, German tennis player
1643 — René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle born, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French explorer (died 1687)
1808 — Thomas Cook born, Thomas Cook, English businessman, founded Thomas Cook Group (died 1892)
1917 — Andrew Huxley born, Andrew Huxley, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2012)
1861 — Ranavalona III born, Ranavalona III of Madagascar (died 1917)
1939 — Mulayam Singh Yadav born, Mulayam Singh Yadav, Indian politician, Indian Minister of Defence (died 2022)
Quote of the Day
“It were not best that we should all think alike; it is difference of opinion that makes horse races.” — Mark Twain, The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson
November 22 History Quiz
Which film was the first fully computer-animated feature released by Pixar?
Toy Story
In what year did the Beatles release the double album commonly known as the White Album?
1968
Which chess player defeated Viswanathan Anand in 2013 to become world champion?
