What Happened on July 10

Rescue Desk

2018 — All 13 Rescued From Thai Cave

The Wild Boars team and coach are out of Tham Luang Nang Non, ending a 90-diver effort that cost one life.

All 13 members of the Wild Boars junior football team and their coach are out of the flooded Tham Luang Nang Non cave in northern Thailand. The rescue, completed July 10, began July 8 after the group was found alive July 2 by British divers John Volanthen and Rick Stanton on an elevated rock about 2 km inside. The extraction involved 90 divers, including 50 foreigners, working against expected monsoon rains on July 10. The mission claimed one life: Saman Kunan, a 37-year-old former Thai Navy SEAL, died of asphyxiation July 6 while delivering diving cylinders. Three boys and the coach, who were stateless, were granted Thai citizenship on a later date. The team was taken to a hospital in Chiang Rai for observation. The first boy emerged at 5:40 p.m. local time on Sunday, followed by three more that evening. Doctors at the scene checked each child before he was placed on a stretcher for the waiting ambulances. Officials said the extraction order was based on physical condition, with the weakest going first to free space for the remaining effort.

• All 12 boys and their coach were rescued from Tham Luang Nang Non between 8 and 10 July 2018.
• British divers John Volanthen and Rick Stanton found the group alive on 2 July on an elevated rock about 2 km from the cave entrance.
• Saman Kunan, a 37-year-old former Royal Thai Navy SEAL, died of asphyxiation on 6 July while delivering diving cylinders to the trapped group.
• The 12 boys, aged 11 to 16, were members of the junior football team Wild Boars, with assistant coach Ekkaphon Kanthawong, aged 25.
• The rescue involved 90 divers, 50 of whom were foreigners, extracting the group from the cave before expected monsoon rains on 11 July.

City Desk

1966 — 35,000 at Soldier Field Hail Dr. King's Chicago Drive

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. leads the Chicago Freedom Movement rally before 35,000 at Soldier Field — the North's boldest civil-rights campaign, aimed at housing segregation.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led a rally of about 35,000 persons at Soldier Field on July 10, 1966, in support of the Chicago Freedom Movement, the most ambitious civil-rights campaign in the northern United States.

King, joined by James Bevel and Al Raby, addressed the crowd in the stadium on the lakefront, pressing the movement's demand for open housing in Chicago's segregated neighborhoods. The rally was part of a campaign that began in mid-1965 and is scheduled to run through August 1966.

The Chicago Freedom Movement has targeted discriminatory real-estate practices and the walls that keep Negro families out of white wards. King, who led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, has said the North's ghettos are as real a barrier as Southern Jim Crow laws.

Bevel, the movement's director, and Raby, a Chicago teacher and coordinator of the Coordinating Council of Community Organizations, have organized marches and tenant unions. The Soldier Field rally was the largest public demonstration of the campaign so far.

King told the crowd that Chicago would be a test of whether the nation can solve its racial problems without violence. The movement plans to continue its marches into white neighborhoods in the weeks ahead.

• About 35,000 persons attended the rally at Soldier Field on July 10, 1966.
• The rally was part of the Chicago Freedom Movement, which lasted from mid-1965 to August 1966.
• The Chicago Freedom Movement was the most ambitious civil rights campaign in the Northern United States.
• The movement was led by Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel and Al Raby.

Court Circular

1553 — Lady Jane Grey Proclaimed Queen After Edward's Death

Proclaimed at the Tower of London on July 10, 1553, Lady Jane Grey's reign lasts nine days before the Privy Council swings toward Mary.

At the Tower of London, the heralds proclaimed Lady Jane Grey Queen of England and Ireland on July 10, 1553, beginning a reign that will last but nine days.

Jane, the great-granddaughter of Henry VII and first cousin once removed of Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth, was married to Lord Guildford Dudley on May 25 at Durham House. King Edward's will named Jane and her male heirs as successors, passing over his half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth as illegitimate.

She was proclaimed at the Tower, but the Privy Council has already swung toward Mary.

• Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed Queen of England and Ireland on 10 July 1553 and reigned until 19 July, earning the nickname 'Nine Days Queen'.
• Jane was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII and first cousin once removed of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I.
• Jane was married to Lord Guildford Dudley, a younger son of the Duke of Northumberland, on 25 May 1553 at Durham House.
• Edward VI's will nominated Jane and her male heirs as successors, bypassing his half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth due to their illegitimacy.
• Jane was deposed on 19 July 1553 when the Privy Council proclaimed Mary I as queen, and Jane was later imprisoned in the Tower of London.

Foreign Desk

1973 — Getty Grandson Kidnapped in Rome; Ransom Sought

John Paul Getty III, 16, is seized from Piazza Farnese at 3 a.m.; kidnappers demand $17 million, and the case will test the oil family's willingness to pay.

The kidnapping of John Paul Getty III, grandson of oil magnate J. Paul Getty, has turned a spotlight on the perils of wealth in Italy. The 16-year-old was snatched from Piazza Farnese in Rome at 3 a.m. on July 10, 1973.

His abductors initially demanded a ransom of $17 million. The case has already drawn international attention, with reports that the family is negotiating.

• John Paul Getty III was kidnapped from Piazza Farnese in Rome at 3 a.m. on July 10, 1973, when he was 16 years old.
• The kidnappers initially demanded a ransom of $17 million, equivalent to $123 million in 2025.
• In November 1973, a newspaper received an envelope containing a lock of hair, a human ear, and a threat to mutilate Paul further unless $3.2 million was paid.
• After receiving the ear, J. Paul Getty agreed to pay no more than $2.2 million, the maximum tax-deductible amount, and lent the remainder at 4% interest.
• Getty was found alive on December 15, 1973 at a petrol station in Lauria, Italy, shortly after the ransom was paid.

Weather Desk

1913 — Furnace Creek Hits 134 Degrees, Hottest Ever Recorded

Greenland Ranch thermometer reaches 134°F, a world record still under scrutiny.

In the annals of meteorological observation, few figures have stood so solitary as the 134 degrees Fahrenheit recorded on July 10, 1913, at Greenland Ranch in the California desert. The reading, equal to 56.7 degrees Centigrade, has been recognized by the World Meteorological Organization as the highest air temperature ever measured on Earth. The ranch, now known as Furnace Creek, sits in Death Valley's furnace-like basin.

• On July 10, 1913, a weather station at Greenland Ranch recorded 134°F (56.7°C), the highest temperature ever measured.
• Greenland Ranch, the site of the record, was later renamed Furnace Creek.
• The accuracy of the 1913 reading has been disputed by some meteorologists.

Sports Section

1999 — Chastain's Kick Wins World Cup; U.S. Tops China

Brandi Chastain's penalty kick secures a 5-4 shootout victory before 90,000 fans at the Rose Bowl.

Brandi Chastain buried the winning penalty kick and tore off her jersey in celebration, sending the United States to a 5-4 shootout victory over China in the Women's World Cup final. The match, played before over 90,000 fans at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, ended 0-0 after extra time. Goalkeeper Briana Scurry saved Liu Ying's penalty in the third round to set the stage. The final averaged 17.9 million viewers and peaked at 40 million on U.S. television, setting records for women's sports. President Bill Clinton, Governor Gray Davis, and numerous celebrities looked on. Chastain's celebration graced the cover of Sports Illustrated.

• The final was played before over 90,000 fans at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California.
• Brandi Chastain scored the winning penalty kick and celebrated by removing her jersey, an image featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.
• The match ended 0–0 after extra time, and the United States won 5–4 in a penalty shootout.
• U.S. goalkeeper Briana Scurry saved a penalty from China's Liu Ying in the third round of the shootout.
• The final averaged 17.9 million viewers and peaked at 40 million on U.S. broadcast television.

Religious Affairs

1925 — Meher Baba Begins Silence That Will Last 44 Years

The spiritual master stopped speaking on July 10, 1925, communicating only by alphabet board or gesture.

At 31 years old, the Indian mystic Meher Baba has taken a vow of silence that he says will last until his death, a silence destined to span 44 years. On July 10, 1925, he ceased all speech, and since then he has communicated only through an alphabet board or by unique hand gestures. His followers say the silence is a spiritual exercise, undertaken to focus his teaching. On December 1, 1926, he wrote his last message, after which he relied solely on the alphabet board. By 1954, he had abandoned even that, speaking entirely through gestures with an interpreter.

• Meher Baba began his silence on July 10, 1925, and maintained it until his death in 1969.
• He communicated first using an alphabet board and by 1954 entirely through hand gestures with an interpreter.
• On December 1, 1926, Meher Baba wrote his last message before relying solely on an alphabet board.
• Meher Baba's silence lasted 44 years, during which he also fasted and spent long periods in seclusion with his disciples.

Court Chronicle

645 — Prince Naka no Oe Slays Soga no Iruka in Palace Plot

The assassination, known as the Isshi incident, aims to break the Soga clan's grip on the throne.

In the imperial palace this day, Prince Naka no Ōe struck down Soga no Iruka, the powerful head of the Soga clan, in a bold stroke to end their domination of the court. The deed, which historians will call the Isshi incident, was the culmination of a plot to eliminate the Soga family's influence over the throne. The prince acted with the support of Nakatomi no Kamatari and other loyal courtiers inside the emperor's presence chamber.

• In 2005, the remains of a building which may have been Soga no Iruka's residence were discovered in Nara.

Foreign Affairs

1372 — King Ferdinand and Duke of Lancaster Seal Alliance at Tagilde

Treaty signed this 10th day of July joins claimants to the Castilian throne in a two-front campaign.

In the village of Tagilde, King Ferdinand I of Portugal met with envoys of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and sealed a pact of mutual war against Castile. The treaty, signed this 10th day of July, joins two claimants to the Castilian throne in a two-front campaign: English arms from the north, Portuguese from the west.

• The Treaty of Tagilde was signed on 10 July 1372 in the village of Tagilde, Portugal.
• It was signed by King Ferdinand I of Portugal and representatives of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.
• The treaty sealed an alliance between the two claimants to the Castilian throne, Ferdinand and Gaunt.
• The agreement directed a two-front war against Castile: English from the north and Portuguese from the west.
• Shortly after, King Ferdinand sent two ambassadors to London to have John of Gaunt sign the treaty at Savoy Palace.

Media Desk

2011 — News of the World prints final edition, 168-year run ends

The News of the World publishes its final edition after 168 years amid a phone-hacking scandal.

The News of the World, once the world's biggest-selling newspaper, published its last edition today, closing after 168 years amid allegations that it hacked the voicemails of murdered schoolgirl Milly Dowler, victims of the 7/7 attacks and relatives of dead soldiers. The scandal erupted last year when it emerged a private investigator had intercepted Dowler's messages. Former editor Andy Coulson and former royal editor Clive Goodman were arrested on Sunday.

• The closure followed revelations that a private investigator hired by the newspaper had intercepted the voicemail of missing teenager Milly Dowler, later found murdered.
• Sales averaged 2,812,005 copies per week in October 2010.
• Former editor Andy Coulson and former royal editor Clive Goodman were arrested on 8 July 2011.
• The newspaper was first published on 1 October 1843 by John Browne Bell in London, priced at three pence.
• By 1950, the News of the World had become the biggest-selling newspaper in the world with a weekly sale of 8,441,000 copies.